Chapter 15 - Lecture 3 – Types of Hydrocarbons

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Figure	Source of Figure
Figure 4a	https://girlinclouds.wordpress.com/
Figure 4b	http://commons.wikimedia.org/
Figure 5a	http://www.easychem.com.au/
Figure 5b	http://www.easychem.com.au/
Figure 6a	http://pixgood.com/
Figure 6b	http://www.chemeddl.org/

Hydrocarbons: Saturated and Unsaturated

Hydrocarbons can be broadly classified into 2 categories.

1. Saturated Hydrocarbons
2. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Saturated Hydrocarbons:

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. The term saturated means that all the carbon atoms in the molecule has just ONE, SINGLE, Covalent bond between them and the remaining bonds are saturated with Hydrogen.

Figure 4:

Ethane = C₂H₆ = a) 

Or a more 3D representation b)

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those in which 2 adjacent carbon atoms are bonded together by double or triple bonds between them. Showing that the molecules contain less than the maximum number of hydrogen.

There are 2 types of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:

1. Alkenes: Double bonded Hydrocarbons
2. Alkynes: Triple bonded Hydrocarbons

Example:

Figure 5:

Ethene: a)

Or a more 3D representation b)

Figure 6:

Ethyene: a)

Or a more 3D representation b) 

Note: Alkynes are no longer a part of the 5070 syllabus.

                                                                                       ©Tanzeela Zafar Siddiqui